Vim notes

Symbols and meanings

% → current file. An example: :so % → Source the current file
$ → end of line
. → Current line An example: :.!sh → Pipe current line to sh and replace it with the output

Entering !! in normal mode is translated to :.! I. e. Typing !!date in normal mode replaces current line with the date.

Tips

:e[dit] → Edit the current file. This is useful to re-edit the current file, when it has been changed outside of Vim. :e! Force reload file
:help index → Get all default mappings

Navigation

h j k l → left, down, up, right
* → Next whole word under cursor (previous #)
e → Forward to the end of word. E can contain punctuation
w → Move forward to the beginning of a word. W Same as w, but special characters are treated as part of a word.
b → Works as w, but backwards
{,} → Jump by paragraphs
(,) → Jump by sentences
G → Jump to the end of the file
1G → Jump to the beginning of the file (same as gg)
50G → Jump to line 50
0 → Beginning of line
_ or ^ → first non-blank character of the line
g_ → last non-blank character of the line
fX → next character X. FX previous. ; repeat , , repeat in reverse
tX → tili next X (similar to above, but the cursor is before X)
H → Jump to the top of the screen
M → Jump to the middle of the screen
L → Jump to the bottom of the screen

Scrolling

10 <PageUp> or 10<CTRL-B> → Move 10 pages up
5 <PageDown> or 5<CTRL-F> → Move 5 pages down.

zz → scroll the line with the cursor to the center of the screen
zt → to the top
zb → to the bottom

Terminal buffers

:te[rm[inal]] command
:b# switch buffer
:ls list buffers
:buff 1 or :b1 switch to buffer 1

List of the commands

Common meaning of letters in the commands

w → word
i → inner

Command
`dd`	Delete one line
`d`	Delete selection
`x`	Delete character under cursor
`d+`	Delete 2 lines
`:%d` or :`1,$d`	Delete the whole of the file
`dw`, `diw`	Delete what that the cursor is over
`di(`	Delete inner brackets. `da(` → including brackets
`:r[ead] !date`	Execute commend and put content into editor
`.`	Repeat the last operation
`gU`	Uppercase the selection, `gu` → lower
`%`	Jump to matching bracket `{ }` `[ ]` `( )`
`:%!column -t`	Put text in columns
`:%!sort`	Sort the whole file
`:'<,'>!grep text`	Keep lines that contains `text`
`:'<,'>!sort`	Sort selected lines
`:eariler 1m`	State from the 1 min before
`ga`	Display hex, ascii value of character under cursor
`g8`	Display hex value of utf-8 character under cursor
`ciw`	Change inner word
`yiw`	Yank inner word
`viwp`	Select word and then replace it with previously yanked text
`rX`	replace every character in selection or under cursor with `X`
`guiw`	Lower case word
`guu`	Lowercase line
`gUU`	Uppercase line
`=`	Indent the selection
`=%`	Indent the current braces
`G=gg`	indent entire document
`ZZ`	Write current file, if modified, and exit (same as `:wq`)
`ZQ`	Quit current file and exit (same as `:q!`)
`:so %`	Source current file
`@:`	Execute last command again

Status line

:set statusline=%<%f%h%m%r%=%b\ 0x%B\ \ %l,%c%V\ %P

Visual Mode

V → Selection by lines
v → Selection follows the cursor
Ctrl+v → Block selection
- When selected block you can applay changes to each line by typing I editing and finally pressing Esc

Enter Insert Mode

I → At the first non white character of the line
i → On the left of the cursor
A → At the very end of the line
a → On the right of the cursor
c → Delete selection and enter insert mode
o → Create new line below and enter insert mode
O → Create new line above and enter insert mode

Split the editor

:sp <filename> → Vertically
:vs <filename> → Horizontally
:set splitbelow, :set splitright

Markers

:marks → list of marks
ma → set current position for mark a
`a → jump to the cursor position of mark a
'a → jump to the beginning of a line of a mark a
y`a → yank text to position of mark a

`` → Return to the cursor position before the latest jump
`. → Jump to the last changed line.

Recording macros

qa → Start recording macro under letter a
q → Stop recording
@a → Play the macro saved under letter a
@@ → Play the last macro

Searching

:%s/Plug.*$// → Search and delete all lines that starts from Plug
:%s/foo/bar/gc → Replace all occurrence of foo by bar with confirmation
'<,'>:s/find/replacewith/ Replace selection
/pattern → search for pattern then enter and n next N previous match
?pattern → search backward for pattern

Registers

:reg → print all registers
"ap → paste the register a , if the macro is recorded then it will paste it
"xy → yank into register x
:let @a = "kkll" → set a macro from the command mode
:let @A='i' → append to register a
:%normal @a → execute the macro on all lines of the current file
:'<,'>normal @a → execute the macro on a visually selected lines
:10,20 normal @a → execute the macro for lines from 10 to 20
:g/pattern/ normal @a → Search for pattern and execute macro for it

Functions - An example

Function definition

function! CalculateAge()
    normal 03wdei^R=2012-^R"^M^[0j 
endfunction

Key banding to function

nnoremap <leader>a :call CalculateAge()<CR>

Preloading vim with macros like

let @a='03wdei^R=2012-^R"^M^[0j'

Call function from the command mode

:call CalculateAge()

Configuration

The config file is located at .config/nvim/init.vim

if empty(glob('~/.local/share/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim'))
  silent !curl -fLo ~/.local/share/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs
    \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
  autocmd VimEnter * PlugInstall --sync | source $MYVIMRC
endif

call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')

  Plug 'junegunn/fzf'

  Plug 'neovim/nvim-lspconfig'
  Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
  
  Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
  Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
  
  Plug 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
  Plug 'tokorom/syntastic-swiftlint.vim'
  
call plug#end()

set relativenumber
set encoding=utf-8
syntax on
map za :FZF<CR> → fuzzy finder over za

Indentation setup

set tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 expandtab
filetype plugin indent on

let g:syntastic_swift_checkers = ['swiftlint', 'swiftpm']
lua << EOF
  local lspconfig = require('lspconfig')
  lspconfig.sourcekit.setup{}
EOF

Rename current file


function! RenameFile()
    let old_name = expand('%')
    let new_name = input('New file name: ', expand('%'), 'file')
    if new_name != '' && new_name != old_name
        exec ':saveas ' . new_name
        exec ':silent !rm ' . old_name
        exec ':bd ' . old_file
        redraw!
    endif
endfunction
map <leader>n :call RenameFile()<cr>